TomBAvoider Posted November 23, 2016 Report Share Posted November 23, 2016 Starting decades ago, there have been experiments where blood from young animals (dogs) was pumped into old animals to see if they could be rejuvenated. It appears there is a major update on our understanding of what's involved. It seems we should be talking more about young blood and old blood as much as about young animals and old animals. Apparently you can take old blood and derange the functioning of young animals - there appear to be deleterious structural changes to old blood that can affect tissue of even young animals. A single heterochronic blood exchange reveals rapid inhibition of multiple tissues by old blood Justin Rebo , Melod Mehdipour , Ranveer Gathwala , Keith Causey , Yan Liu , Michael J. Conboy &Irina M. Conboy Nature Communications 7, Article number: 13363 (2016) doi:10.1038/ncomms13363 Received: 21 January 2016 Accepted: 23 September 2016 Published online: 22 November 2016 "Abstract Heterochronic parabiosis rejuvenates the performance of old tissue stem cells at some expense to the young, but whether this is through shared circulation or shared organs is unclear. Here we show that heterochronic blood exchange between young and old mice without sharing other organs, affects tissues within a few days, and leads to different outcomes than heterochronic parabiosis. Investigating muscle, liver and brain hippocampus, in the presence or absence of muscle injury, we find that, in many cases, the inhibitory effects of old blood are more pronounced than the benefits of young, and that peripheral tissue injury compounds the negative effects. We also explore mechanistic explanations, including the role of B2M and TGF-beta. We conclude that, compared with heterochronic parabiosis, heterochronic blood exchange in small animals is less invasive and enables better-controlled studies with more immediate translation to therapies for humans." Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
AlPater Posted December 12, 2016 Report Share Posted December 12, 2016 There was a write up about the paper, Tom. A related type paper is below as well, using even younger cells. Slowing the Aging Process with Blood Transfusions Posted on Dec. 12, 2016, 6 a.m. in Anti-Aging Longevity http://www.worldhealth.net/news/slowing-aging-process-blood-transfusions/ Scientists will 'reset' the blood proteins in older blood that are believed to be responsible for hindering growth and maintenance of healthy tissues. Slowing the Aging Process with Blood Transfusions Blood cells - image from Shutterstock In a bold experiment, scientists are trying to reverse aging in older humans with infusions of younger blood. This comes after a study on mice showed that the procedure had some promise. There was evidence that the red blood cells from the younger mice produced muscle repair in the older mice. Now researchers from California are trying to replicate the results in older people in a clinical trial. The aim of this radical approach is to alter levels of bad proteins in the blood of older people. These proteins are believed to be responsible for hampering the growth of healthy tissue. This could help in the prevention of age-related disease and possible slow down the aging process. The study was published in the journal Nature Communications. Resetting Blood Proteins Key to Life Extension The animal study was co-funded by Calico, which is a life extension company owned by Google. The experiment was reversed on mice with old blood infused into young mice. The results showed a reduction in new liver and brain cells in the young mice and impaired performance in strength. This gave more credibility to the original experiment. In the human trial, older blood will pass through a machine that will try to reset proteins to a healthier level in the hope that body tissues will be properly maintained thus slowing down aging. This new study is one of many that show key molecules in the blood can alter the pace of aging in body tissue. When these proteins are at low levels the body is healthy, but as we get older these protein levels can change. The team is now considering a more practical approach to control the levels of the proteins without blood transfusions. According to one scientist, these new treatments could prevent diabetes, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson’s disease. Another scientist Tony Wyss-Coray, from Stanford University was not convinced by the study and pointed out that only four pairs of mice were used in the experiment. In past experiments on animals, a procedure called parabiosis was used to swap blood between animals by conjoining them surgically. In this study, scientists did not use surgery but instead transferred blood through a tube and pump controlled by a computer. Advanced Treatments Could Arrive in Three Years The team is now working on devices that filter blood in more advanced ways to reduce high levels of the bad proteins. This will return the proteins to more youthful levels. The key here is to remove the inhibitor molecules and then to return the filtered blood back to the recipient. This medical procedure could result in life extension that could give people an extra three decades of life without any critical illnesses. The Berkley team is currently brainstorming for ideas on how to normalise the levels of one particular protein considered to be the inhibitor. They hope clinical trials will start within six months and start producing results within three years. Scientist could be on the verge of transforming our lives by slowing the aging process and stopping age-related diseases. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> A single heterochronic blood exchange reveals rapid inhibition of multiple tissues by old blood. Rebo J, Mehdipour M, Gathwala R, Causey K, Liu Y, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Nat Commun. 2016 Nov 22;7:13363. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13363. PMID: 27874859 Free PMC Article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5121415/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5121415/pdf/ncomms13363.pdf >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Amniotic Epithelial Cells: A New Tool to Combat Aging and Age-Related Diseases? Di Germanio C, Bernier M, de Cabo R, Barboni B. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Nov 22;4:135. PMID: 27921031 Free PMC Article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118838/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118838/pdf/fcell-04-00135.pdf Abstract Heterochronic parabiosis rejuvenates the performance of old tissue stem cells at some expense to the young, but whether this is through shared circulation or shared organs is unclear. Here we show that heterochronic blood exchange between young and old mice without sharing other organs, affects tissues within a few days, and leads to different outcomes than heterochronic parabiosis. Investigating muscle, liver and brain hippocampus, in the presence or absence of muscle injury, we find that, in many cases, the inhibitory effects of old blood are more pronounced than the benefits of young, and that peripheral tissue injury compounds the negative effects. We also explore mechanistic explanations, including the role of B2M and TGF-beta. We conclude that, compared with heterochronic parabiosis, heterochronic blood exchange in small animals is less invasive and enables better-controlled studies with more immediate translation to therapies for humans. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Saul Posted December 13, 2016 Report Share Posted December 13, 2016 What are B2M aand TGF-beta? -- Saul Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
AlanPater Posted December 19, 2021 Report Share Posted December 19, 2021 (edited) Quirks & Quarks Young blood can rejuvenate old mice — and scientists are starting to understand why Blood from young animals contains message packets with genetic information on how to make a longevity protein CBC Radio · Posted: Dec 10, 2021 5:09 PM ET | Last Updated: December 10https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/dec-11-sounds-of-a-coral-reef-the-message-in-young-blood-ants-communicate-with-vomit-and-more-1.6280034/young-blood-can-rejuvenate-old-mice-and-scientists-are-starting-to-understand-why-1.6280044 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Regulation of aged skeletal muscle regeneration by circulating extracellular vesicles Amrita Sahu et al and Fabrisia Ambrosiohttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00143-2.epdf?sharing_token=YVW9M7MvwLdxiQR615mRnNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NvTJIlwm-f1ZGei3Q9wW4rjcq-F-Lz3ifZGW9QYbuQiYuYqUtN7j8O7fxYpp00Eax9HOS2Kw98oWAqtnJ7s7I2pASzLEUFA4Qgs4PPExskfq1nF4fyEBWVihNp5dwgDM0yMCbT0rBBEOx-ApZHdQ1YOi9Gg3fmQCFsDVBf-CLTLQ%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=www.cbc.ca Heterochronic blood exchange (HBE) has demonstrated that circulating factors restore youthful features to aged tissues. However, the systemic mediators of those rejuvenating effects remain poorly defined. We show here that the beneficial effect of young blood on aged muscle regeneration was diminished when serum was depleted of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Whereas EVs from young animals rejuvenate aged cell bioenergetics and skeletal muscle regeneration, aging shifts EV subpopulation heterogeneity and compromises downstream benefits on recipient cells. Machine learning classifiers revealed that aging shifts the nucleic acid, but not protein, fingerprint of circulating EVs. Alterations in subpopulation heterogeneity were accompanied by declines in transcript levels of the prolongevity protein α-Klotho (Klotho), and injection of EVs improved muscle regenera- tion in a Klotho mRNA-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate that EVs play a key role in the rejuvenating effects of HBE and that Klotho transcripts within EVs phenocopy the effects of young serum on aged skeletal muscle. Edited December 19, 2021 by AlanPater Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Saul Posted December 19, 2021 Report Share Posted December 19, 2021 Interesting. Perhaps vigorous aerobic exercise might have a similar effect? I do vigorous aerobic exercise at a high resistance level, six days a week for 36 minutes in a gym; I feel that it seems to strengthen skeletal muscle. -- Saul Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Ron Put Posted December 30, 2021 Report Share Posted December 30, 2021 On 12/19/2021 at 9:21 AM, Saul said: Interesting. Perhaps vigorous aerobic exercise might have a similar effect? I do vigorous aerobic exercise at a high resistance level, six days a week for 36 minutes in a gym; I feel that it seems to strengthen skeletal muscle. -- Saul It seems so. See the bottom of this summary, with links to rather random studies:https://selfhacked.com/blog/do-you-have-this-intelligencelongevity-protein-all-about-klotho-and-how-to-increase-it-rs9536314/ Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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